Carbohydrate-hydroxymethylfurfural-amine adhesives: Chemorheological analysis and rheokinetic study

Carbohydrates as a component in adhesive formulations have been reported for many years. A rapid cure at moderate temperatures is remaining challenge the development of renewable adhesives. Rheology provides insight into all stages structure formation cured polymer. This work analyses curing carbohydrate-amine adhesives with and without addition 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) biomass-derived key reactant Isothermal non-isothermal rheological measurements were performed to characterize i) rheology prepolymer, ii) initial curing, iii) sol-gel transition, iv) general rheokinetics. The viscosity profile was described by empirical models showed deviation from homogeneous curing. Rheokinetic analysis using isoconversional methods Arrhenius plots that HMF reduces activation energy reaction. 5 mol.-% (based on starting fructose content) increases reactivity lowering